We will also collect characteristics of the study organisation: e.g. status of the hospital (academic, teaching or general), availability of research nurses or employees for counselling of the studies, clarity of research protocol and logistics, responsibilities for recruitment.
As pointed out by Hernán, although in relation to observational studies, clarity regarding the counterfactual outcome is necessary for meaningful effect estimates: 'ill-defined counterfactuals question the existence of the causal effect itself' (17, p. 619).
Face validity was achieved by pre-testing the tool for exhibiting: clarity of content, being reflective of the topic studied, clarity of language, being unambiguous and readable [ 45].
The ChiLdhood Arthritis Risk factor Identification sTudY (CLARITY) is an Australian biobank aimed at investigating early-life exposures and patient environment at disease onset.
After the poster session in which the research proposals were presented, students received formative feedback on their posters, with a focus on the organization and visual/oral presentation of the poster and on their justification for the study, clarity of the hypotheses, and connection of hypotheses to the experimental design.
Each étude shed some of the harshness of its predecessor, until the last, a single-line study, seemed a study in clarity and at least a wary, Shapeyesque brand of warmth.
Adopting the adage "a picture is worth a thousand words", we tried to include a minimal number of representative schematics and result figures for some of the reviewed studies for clarity and a better understanding of the presented material.
As in the first part, we adopt the adage "a picture is worth a thousand words" and include a minimal number of representative schematics and result figures for some of the reviewed studies for clarity and a better understanding of the presented material.
19 37 It may therefore be prudent to continue fluid restriction protocols to prevent serious maternal complications, with more careful monitoring of renal function, until further studies provide clarity about the risks and benefits of such management.
For quality control, the study was piloted at non-study site prior to the commencement of the study for clarity and cultural acceptability of questions.
25(OH D was the only vitamin D metabolite measured in this study; for clarity, all references to vitamin D measurements within this study implicate this particular metabolite.
