Jaak Gabriels, Belgium's minister for small and medium-sized business, cited studies calculating that every mile that a driver creeps along in Flanders traffic costs his or her employer about $1.20.
These studies calculate that the compensating income variation is substantial and higher than the costs of most medical treatment for this disease.
A University of Illinois study calculated that corruption in politics costs the state $300m£188m8m) a year.
The study calculated that a 10percentt increase in cigarette prices would lead 42 million people to quit smoking and prevent about 10 million tobacco-related deaths.
An Australian study calculated that for every woman whose experience of violence could be prevented, A$20,766£13,63131) in costs could be avoided (pdf).
The study calculated that the number of legal permanent residents entering the United States declined to 455,000 last year from 647,000 at the peak in 2000.
Pääbo's study calculated that Neanderthals and modern humans separated between 270,000 and 440,000 years ago.
One study calculated that 45% of the huge increase in rice prices in 2006-08 wattributableble to trade restrictions.
The authors of the study calculated that antibiotics, which were given to about 5,000 people in these groups, cut the number of inhalation anthrax cases roughly in half, from an estimated 17 infections to the 8 that the groups incurred.
