With the phantom-based calibration just described, the quantitative SBR from the follow-up studies were converted to true striatal SBR before being compared to the lower limits of the normal database.
NSIs reported for all studies were converted to a per year basis.
Cost and/or cost-effectiveness ratios in these studies were converted using purchasing power parities (PPP), with the Euro as the common currency.
As a first step, the RRs and CIs from all the studies were converted into the logarithm function of the RR (log (rr)) and standard errors (se).
All costs found in these studies were converted into a comparable unit (GBP.GJ-1) using an assumption of average yield of 12 t.
For comparability, results from other studies were converted to a common metric based on the IQR for gestational exposure for our data set (see Table 1).
For measurement of pain, the NRS or VAS scores from the included studies were converted to a 100-point scale and the mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs was calculated in a random effects model.
Abbreviations: n, number of samples/specimens; M, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation; DD, dry-to-dry; T, transfer Some measurements from previous studies were converted from mg/L, mg/m, mmol/mol, etc.
Gene IDs described in human studies were converted to gene symbols using DAVID http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/summary.jsp, NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unigene/ and SOURCE http://smd.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/source/sourceBatchSearch.
The values of Eh derived from the concentrations of oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH, respectively) [ 2, 30- 32] and fluorescent probes [ 33] in extra- and subcellular environments reported in various studies were converted to corresponding values of log using Eqn. (5) in the Methods and are listed in Table 2.
