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Exploratory analysis was performed to investigate underlying structures of the instrument.
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This greatly simplifies the structure of the instrument.
CFA was used to test the theoretical structure of the instrument from the empirical data (Marôco, 2010).
Evidence of validity was demonstrated through the evaluation of the factor structure of the instrument and the convergent validity analysis.
For illustration purpose, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the factor structure of the instrument.
Quantitative findings also supported the theoretical second-order factorial structure of the instrument, but with different subscale allocation.
To explore the factorial structure of the instrument, factor analyses (EFA) for ordinal data derived from Likert-type scales were performed using package FACTOR (Lorenzo-Seva & Ferrando, 2006).
However, because this is a strictly categorical variable with 21 nominal response possibilities, it is not appropriate to include when establishing the structure of the instrument.
This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure of the instrument using the three models proposed by researchers in the existing literature.
Both qualitative and quantitative results supported the seven-subscale structure of the instrument and identified potential issues with the conceptual content of two of the subscales.
In Study 1, four measurement models representing distinct conceptions of self-esteem are compared to confirm the a priori structure of the instrument.
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