The model tracks the vintage of land since its first introduction to the agricultural system and calculates landscape degradation for four modes (dry-land salinity, irrigation salinity, acidification, and soil structure decline) according to historical production and ameliorating activities on each vintage.
Washington gambled before the 2009 season, turning down a contract that he called unfair and poorly structured (he declined to go into specifics).
With greater redundancy, investment per individual control structure declines, causing a decay in the performance of each individual dimension of control.
This has been in an effort to address declining pasture and livestock productivity as a result of a changing vegetation structure, declining diversity and increasing soil erosion attributed to increases in human and livestock populations (Wasonga et al. 2011).
The Commerce Department reported last month that fixed business investment, which includes spending on equipment, factories and other structures, declined at a 0.3% annual rate from July through September after increasing at least 6% for three straight quarters.
However, Cao's rebellion marked the last event when Ming Mongols were of great importance to court affairs; although many Mongol officers retained hereditary titles of noble lineage, the nobility within the military command structure declined as a whole while men from more humble origins eventually displaced them.
Population genetic structure declined within regions (ΦPT = 0.422 among mainland and 0.400 among island populations) relative to structure calculated for all sites.
We noted that genetic structure declined when the full dataset was partitioned among islands and mainland locations (ΦPT = 0.422 for the mainland and 0.400 for island populations relative to 0.629 among all sampled populations), and this scale corresponds to the scale of adaptive differentiation detected in field studies of this species.
In the bipartite world of the Cold War, you could choose to read Thucydides' carefully structured presentation of Athens' decline as a cautionary tale about the moral decay that accompanies abuses of imperial power.
Densely structured colonies exhibit a seasonal decline in their population size characterized by cyclic population reduction to extinction and preferential recolonization [25].
A proponent of low-structure course designs could argue that failure rates decline in highly structured courses not because of increased student learning, but because the "practice" exercises (reading quizzes, clicker questions, etc).
