Intercalation into and modification of the lipid bilayer structure of the stratum corneum extracellular matrix immediately leaps to mind.
To understand why PE enhances the action of BN, its effect on the structure of the stratum corneum was investigated in vitro.
Nevertheless, the fact that in our case the FoD values for atrazine and antipyrine were 302 and 120, while the stratum corneum thickness accounts for only one order of magnitude, leads us to suggest that other explanations must exist, possibly the structure of the stratum corneum as well as the composition and geometry of barrier lipids.
The typical honeycomb structure of the stratum spinosum cells could be noticed.
Liposomes by diffusing into the stratum corneum, disrupting the bilayer fluidity in the stratum corneum, loosening the lipid structure of the stratum corneum, and providing impaired barrier function of these layers to the drug act as penetration enhancers.
Application of ceramide-containing emollients changes the structure of the stratum corneum to replenish and restore the number and structure of extracellular lipid bilayer components as compared to untreated atopic skin.
More-detailed models that take into account the structure of the stratum corneum and tortuosity of the lipid route were developed, describing not only the steady-state transdermal flux but also the lag time.
Second, the surfactant or oil molecules can diffuse on the skin surface and act as permeation enhancers of KA because they disrupt the lipid structure of the stratum corneum.
It regulates the proliferation and differentiation of the basal keratinocyte layer during homeostasis and response to injury [ 4, 6, 47, 48] and contributes to the barrier/hydration function [ 26, 34, 49] and structure of the stratum corneum [ 50].
With respect to uterine peristalsis, the structure of the stratum subvasculare (archimyometrium) that is involved in directed sperm transport had been described by Werth and Grusdew [ 46] and in our own previous publications [ 8, 36, 47].
