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We also checked the structure of annotations for highly overlapping multigenes as another source of possible inconsistencies in genome annotations.
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Considering the hierarchical structure of function annotations, we used only the sub-root level annotation (the annotation just under biological process and molecular function) for each gene to do the function enrichment test.
Three examples of our interspecies mapping results for O. sativa were compared with the exon intron structures of annotation release 2 of the rice genome (RAP2), which was based on an intraspecies mapping procedure (Fig. 5).
If there is an annotation for this functional term, that term's position in the vector is set to 1, otherwise it is set to 0. Considering the hierarchical structure of function annotations, we used only the sub-root level annotations (the direct children of biological process/molecular function) for each transcript to avoid redundancy.
The ontology structure of the annotations is also considered while making predictions.
In particular, FunPat exploits, when available, the hierarchical structure of the annotations starting the search of the temporal patterns from the most specific functional terms and removing the selected genes from the ancestors, as originally proposed by Alexa et al. [ 21] in the context of functional enrichment.
NaviCell is capable to process a structured form of annotations of biological entities if the CellDesigner xml file contains such annotations in their appropriate format.
The structure of the annotation JSON file is defined in the data handler before data can be loaded.
For a detailed description on the database and structure of the annotation sources see (Rappoport et al., 2012).
The second layer (Nesting Structure) of re-annotation builds on the first layer and uses the same algorithm for all elements.
The vast majority (~93%) of these 454-intron-structures corresponded to partial intron-structures of the annotation (that is, the annotation contains a transcript, that contains all the introns that the read contained and no other introns in between, Figure 2C).
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