Recently, there has been an increased appreciation for dissecting the phenotypic variation within natural populations with the goal of revealing the genetic structure of a trait.
Combining comparative genomics and functional analysis (reverse genomics) with QTL mapping (forward genomics) has the potential to uncover the broad structure of a trait [63,87].
These models may be more robust to biased sampling of specific groups than models that consider population structure as a trait that evolves independently of the underlying phylogeny (Lemey et al., 2009).
Weight, by their account, is, like race or sex or bone structure, a biological trait over which individuals have no or, in the case of fat, very limited control.
Weight, by their account, is, like race or sex or bone structure, a biological trait over which individuals have no — or, in the case of fat, very limited — control.
Depending on the bottle and how many bubbles that are accumulating on the top, you may have to repeat the process a number of times it helps build a sturdy structure of bubbles, an trait integral to a float's composition.
Second, we looked at whether polygynous colony structure, a colony-level trait thought to be linked with success in invading novel habitats, is consistently associated with the transition to urban lifestyle, or alternatively, if it is also common in natural habitats.
Together with the incisor-shaped (incisiform) lower canines (c1), which are slightly larger and also procumbent, form a structure called a toothcomb, a trait unique to nearly all strepsirrhine primates.
As noted previously [ 59], modifications of the structure of the oesophagus, a trait related to the mode of nutrition, may occur independently in the course of trophic adaptations.
After determining the most appropriate latent trait structure, a confirmatory IRT model was estimated with a restricted item-trait loadings structure.
