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Polyolefin based macro-fibres have proved their good performance for the structural reinforcing of concrete with fracture behaviour comparable to that of steel fibres but being chemically stable.
Settlement can result in immediate or future problems due to cracking and leakage, which can lead to corrosion of structural reinforcing steel, ice on the roadway, life-long pumping costs and deterioration of tunnel finish.
A big piece of the cost is the additional engineering and structural reinforcing that has to be done to meet building code and earthquake safety standards.
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Occurrence of cracking damage in a structural, reinforced, concrete element leads to changes in its dynamic response.
It is generally assumed that the elastic torsional stiffness of structural reinforced concrete (RC) members that are subjected to a torsional moment less than the cracking torque can be accurately estimated, despite a lack of adequate experimental or theoretical examination.
The constitutive model was included in the 3D solid finite element of the FEMIX computer code, and the model appraisal is performed by simulating experimental tests with structural reinforced concrete (RC) elements.
Up to now, the beam shear problem remains one of the more controversial aspects of structural reinforced concrete analysis and design, and it has been generally agreed that the truss model theory provides a more promising way to treat the problem.
The reinforcement for jointed rock mass using rock bolts has always been one of the most effective and economical geo-structural reinforcing technologies widely used in practical civil engineer projects for a long time.
Structural fibre reinforced composite materials were introduced into Formula 1 motor racing in 1980.
It aim of this new roll bar is to satisfy the stiffness and strength requirements and maintain the traditional metallic structural parts reinforced by the composite roll bar.
These properties can be used as input in computer programs for modelling the fire behaviour of concrete structural members reinforced with FRP bars.
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