Ischemia is defined as the state of blood flow decrease due to structural vascular obstruction or vasoconstriction.
Renal ultrasound was performed to exclude structural urinary tract obstruction.
Moreover, they reported that the other risk factors were old age, female sex, urinary tract outlet obstruction, structural abnormalities of the bladder, chronic urinary tract infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, and alcoholic disease.
The Scnn1b-Tg mouse is an established model of chronic inflammatory lung disease exhibiting key features of COPD and CF such as chronic airway inflammation, mucus obstruction and structural lung damage [ 28- 32].
Recurring lung densities in the same regions are almost invariably due to intra- or extraluminal bronchial obstruction, or structural abnormalities of the airways or lung parenchyma, and the recommended airway endoscopy and/or diagnostic imaging (sometimes in association with laboratory tests for tuberculosis and fungal diseases) is almost always sufficient to make a diagnosis [ 4].
Low levels of FeNO despite small airway obstruction could indicate structural explanatory mechanisms and not an ongoing eosinophilic inflammation [ 31].
About one in seven of the COPD patients had a positive reversibility test, which may partly represent long-lasting asthma with irreversible structural changes and permanent airway obstruction (6, 25 27).
We observed that in the murine model of obstructive nephropathy irreversible tubulointerstitial fibrosis (7 days after ureter obstruction), co-incides with structural damage of primary cilia, overactivation of canonical Wnt signaling, and drop of non-canonical Wnt signaling activity.
It is possible that minimal structural abnormalities, such as minor obstructions, which may be associated with prenatal DES exposure, could explain this association.
28 These structural alterations can cause fixed airway obstruction and ultimately unresponsiveness to asthma treatment.
