Fig. 1 Bamboo's structural build-up.
Statistical ranking of the 12 structural build-up indices suggested that the portable vane test can be the best to reflect structural build-up at rest of concrete.
However, high hydration rate didn't always lead to high structural build-up rate.
Hydration of cement played a dominant role in the structural build-up of cement paste.
In this paper, the growth of static yield stress (τs) and thixotropic area were used to characterize the structural build-up of cement paste.
Structural build-up is of great importance in many concrete applications, such as formwork pressure, multi-layers casting, slip form paving, stability, and 3D printing.
Thixotropy of concrete expressed here in terms of structural build-up at rest is employed to collectively reflect the effect of combined mix design factors on formwork pressure.
Besides tracing the ongoing structural build-up at the niche level, we explore how the emerging systems relate to the existing electricity regime, other sectors and discourses.
The rate of structural build-up at rest of the tested mortars, that reflects the thixotropic nature of the mortar, decreased from 7.1 to 0.8 Pa/min with cement substitution by 50% of GGF.
The effects of different mineral admixtures, i.e. silica fume (SF), ground slag (GS), fly ash (FA), attapulgite (AG), nano calcium carbonate (NC), and nano silica (NS) on the structural build-up of cement pastes were studied.
This research demonstrates relationships between 12 indices that can be used to evaluate the structural build-up at rest of concrete, determined using portable vane, inclined plane, and concrete rheometer tests, and formwork pressure characteristics.
