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Absolute rule: The strongest item above criterion is selected.
For a lineup, the simplest decision rule holds that a positive identification (ID) is made if the memory-strength of the strongest item in the array (considered in isolation) exceeds criterion, c1.
Participants in an eyewitness identification task have the option of rejecting the lineup entirely, which may change the underlying task from one of comparison (as in 2AFC) to one in which the subject must simply identify the strongest item that exceeds a minimum criterion (DeCarlo, 2013).
The strongest item in the group was Q9, "Teamwork required in various fields", with a factor loading of 0.711.
The strongest item in the group was Q3 – "Roles of each profession in the facility" – with a factor loading of 0.781.
To assess the effects of missing data on the measure's reliability, reliability analyses were run sequentially deleting the strongest item each time, (i.e. deleting the item having the lowest 'alpha if item deleted' and therefore contributing most to the internal consistency reliability of the scale) [ 43].
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For example, two of the strongest items in the BBC schedule are The One Ronnie – in which Ronnie Corbett performs with younger comedians including David Walliams and Matt Lucas the sort of sketches he used to do with Ronnie Barker – and a Peter Bowker play about Morecambe and Wise.
If the two strongest items both exceed the criterion but their difference is too small to allow identification, then the witness could either guess (identifying one of them at random) or reject the lineup.
Guess if small rule: Same as the relative rule, except that the witness is assumed to guess if the difference between the two strongest items is too small (<0.15 d′ units).
The strongest item-level correlations were generally between conceptually overlapping items (e.g., ' many worries' on SDQ and ' worried' on CHU9D, or ' often unhappy' on SDQ and ' sad' on CHU9D).
The "IRT-based" PROMIS PF 10 and 20 are selected using IRT information content data from over 21,000 subjects to identify the best items and minor qualitative input to ensure that all major areas of Physical Function/Disability were represented in the instrument, with their strongest items.
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