(2007) Prose creates a strong illusion of presence — so strong that it is difficult to destroy it.
(2007) Prose creates a strong illusion of presence so strong that it is difficult to destroy it.
Subjects in the High Tech VR group reported a stronger illusion of going into the virtual world (VR presence) than subjects in the Low Tech VR group, (4.2 vs. 2.5, respectively, P=0.009) and more pain reduction (reduction of worst pain is 3.1 for High Tech VR vs. 0.7 for Low Tech VR, P<0.001).
We expected Q5 and Q6 to indicate the illusion, Q9 and Q10 were to examine whether the illusion vanished after completion of the experiment, and Q11 was an overall summary indicator of the strength of the illusion, and quite a demanding question since it refers to having a 'very strong' illusion.
Accordingly, the two former groups showed a stronger illusion of control than the two latter ones, as detailed above.
We found a strong illusion of positive sign in the generative scenario as long as the desired outcome was frequent (in line with many previous reports).
The fact that only 6 out of the 18 amputees reported a strong illusion during stump stimulation can explain the moderate effect size.
The probability of the outcome was high (.80) because, as described above, this is known to lead to a stronger illusion of control.
Interestingly, the shorter the time that had elapsed since amputation, the greater the likelihood of experiencing a strong illusion (Fig. 5).
When inspecting the results of individual participants, 6 out of the 18 showed confirmative scores (≥+1) for all three illusion questions; these participants were defined as having a strong illusion (their mean score was +2.17 on the illusion statements).
