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Subjects in the High Tech VR group reported a stronger illusion of going into the virtual world (VR presence) than subjects in the Low Tech VR group, (4.2 vs. 2.5, respectively, P=0.009) and more pain reduction (reduction of worst pain is 3.1 for High Tech VR vs. 0.7 for Low Tech VR, P<0.001).
Accordingly, the two former groups showed a stronger illusion of control than the two latter ones, as detailed above.
The probability of the outcome was high (.80) because, as described above, this is known to lead to a stronger illusion of control.
Similar(57)
Other studies measuring subjective presence using galvanic skin response, heart rate variability or skin surface temperature usually employed stronger illusions or more highly anxiety-inducing situations compared to our experiment.
We noted that participants with referred sensations tended to report stronger illusions than people without (mean illusion score −0.4 versus −0.9), but this was not significant.
The results support the latter approach: Those acting more often to obtain the outcome developed stronger illusions, and so did their yoked counterparts.
First, the available evidence suggests that the occurrence of undesired outcomes is able to induce even stronger illusions than the occurrence of desired ones (e.g., Aeschleman, Rosen, & Williams, 2003; Bloom et al., 2007).
Our prediction is that, in the preventive condition, the manipulation of P O) should yield an effect of opposite sign to that typically observed in the generative condition, whereas P A) should affect the illusion in the same way as in the generative scenario: That is, a higher P(A) should produce stronger illusions of any sign.
(2007) Prose creates a strong illusion of presence — so strong that it is difficult to destroy it.
(2007) Prose creates a strong illusion of presence so strong that it is difficult to destroy it.
We expected Q5 and Q6 to indicate the illusion, Q9 and Q10 were to examine whether the illusion vanished after completion of the experiment, and Q11 was an overall summary indicator of the strength of the illusion, and quite a demanding question since it refers to having a 'very strong' illusion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com