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Under our model, strong transposition bursts increase the mean fitness of organisms through selection of beneficial mutations.
The genome of the green anole continues to sustain strong transposition activity while there are almost no active copies in the alligator anymore.
The modulation of transposon activity under stress could be under selection: Genotypes with a strong transposition response should not survive and be negatively selected; genotypes that react with a mild transposition response should survive and be positively selected.
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This lack of LTRs could probably be explained by loss due to strong divergence after transposition, which is corroborated by the observed strong divergence of polyprotein genes.
Using a simulation model of transposable elements in sexual diploid populations, le Rouzic and Capy [ 51] suggested that an initial burst followed by strong regulation of transposition can lead to successful invasion of transposable elements.
Since the level of expression of retrotransposons may be a strong predictor of active transposition, we wondered if the transcripts we found in our data are indication that transposition is ongoing in O. marina.
The strong predominance for Male Transposition of the Great Arteries cases is unexpected and unexplained.
In D. melanogaster gypsy is a retrovirus [ 74] submitted probably to a strong selection effect, its transposition depending on the presence of permissive alleles most likely segregating in natural populations.
With an initial IS distribution with a low mean copy number [ 62], we find that ISs gradually go extinct in the population, and the process of IS elimination is slower if positive selection on beneficial mutations is strong or if the transposition rate is low.
These Ac observations could be consistent either with a lack of recent transposition or particularly strong selection targeting new insertions.
Regulation of IS transposition bursts and stronger positive selection of the elements interact to slow down the burst-induced extinction of ISs.
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