Because listeners knew in advance of each test phase which speaker would be speaking, we expected stronger retrieval of the precedent in the same-speaker condition (i.e., speaker identity serving as a further retrieval cue).
Conclusively, we found stronger retrieval-related activation within MPFC, PCC, and higher-level sensory regions after a 24-hour-delay.
Based on the existing literature (see Introduction), this suggests stronger episodic retrieval in the right hemisphere along with stronger visual processing in response to the naming mismatch.
A strong benefit of retrieval practice occurred for material that was tested on the review whether it appeared only on the review, or up to three times previously relative to information that was not tested at all.
This simultaneously emphasizes the strong relationship between retrieval and representation in mathematical reasoning and demonstrates that cognitive modeling can serve as a useful tool for understanding task manipulations in neuroimaging experiments.
In a further fMRI investigation Lidaka et al. [ 34] demonstrated a strong relationship between retrieval success for words and activation in the left prefrontal cortex.
This could be reflected by differential activation in the middle temporal lobe (e.g., Imaizumi et al. 1997; Olsen et al. 2009) and the temporal poles (Imaizumi et al. 1997), that is, stronger anticipatory episodic retrieval, in conjunction with executive function areas in lateral prefrontal cortex (Sakai and Passingham 2004; Kessler and Kiefer 2005).
These two possibilities are not mutually exclusive, and it has recently been demonstrated that MPFC engagement during memory retrieval is stronger when the retrieved material is self-referential [93].
In both of the cases that required saddle retrieval, the strong and fast onset of this complication was associated with severe functional pain.
TOT is defined as a recall failure accompanied by a strong feeling of imminent retrieval, and FOK as a recall failure accompanied by a feeling of future ability to recognize the item.
