However, when r-darcin was added to male BALB/c urine to a level expressed by normal males, contact elicited a strong learned attraction to airborne volatiles from the stimulus [Figure 10C g)].
Importantly, contact with darcin also stimulated a strong learned attraction to the associated airborne urinary odour of an individual male, such that, subsequently, females were attracted to the airborne scent of that specific individual but not to that of other males.
In studies of emotion-induced retrograde enhancements of memory, evidence suggests that the benefits are particularly strong for learned material that in itself is emotional (Segal & Cahill, 2009).
Psychologists Adelbert Ames, Jr., and Egon Brunswik proposed that one perceives under the strong influence of his learned assumptions and inferences, these providing a context for evaluating sensory data (inputs).
The finding that activity in the vmPFC/OFC shows a strong positive response to learned value fits neatly with a large body of evidence linking this region with subjective valuation [ 11, 30 35], in particular the finding that the vmPFC/OFC encodes the value of a variety of different goods [ 30, 32, 35, 36], which is likely to depend upon prior experience of identical or similar goods.
The learned constraint is stronger than what can be learned via signed resolution.
Further, more similar performance of the two age groups after consolidation on day 3 as compared to acquisition day1 may indicate that in honey bees early events of memory formation or the expression of the learned response are stronger affected by aging than late events of memory formation and consolidation.
However, the stronger performance of the methods with learned parameter(s) suggests a small performance gain can be realized from the added effort of tuning a query to each data set.
Lessons Learned Programme UNICEF made a strong commitment to rights-based and results-based Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation and exhibited a willingness to learn from the lessons of similar disasters.
This suggests that, for low win probabilities, the effect of learned value (LV) on choice was stronger than that of described value (DV), congruent with previous findings about explicit estimation of learned outcome probabilities [ 16] (Supplemental Data).
Jeongin Mun and Min Wook Cho were born and raised in South Korea, learned Korean as their first language, and have strong cultural ties to their Korean heritage.
