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Therefore, enhancement of resistance to lysozyme may be a key factor in the strong IL-12 inducing IL-12 inducingLYS.
The latter is in part the result of recognition of specific molecules embedded in the peptidoglycan layer of the staphylococcal cell wall that bind to TLR2 on host antigen-presenting cells and induce a strong IL-10 response that down regulates the adaptive T cell response.
This may directly contribute to the strong IL-12 response to R-848 of neonatal MLN cells.
Our ELISA data show that MLN cells from newborn lambs have a strong IL-12 response to R-848.
Also, the combined administration of CpG and poly(I C) synergistically elicited strong IL-12 production and antitumor activity against lung metastases [74].
These antigens did not induce IL-4 producing cells from the same donors; few recombinant antigens were associated with the strong IL-4 responses.
Furthermore, the strong IL-12 response of neonatal cells was detected not only in the intestinal draining lymph nodes, but also in the systemic compartment.
Bifidobacteria, which are weak IL-12 inducers, are able to significantly inhibit the IL-12 production of strong IL-12 inducers like lactobacilli [4], [5].
Strong IL-23 mRNA expression was observed only in neonates (Fig. 2C), suggesting that, in response to R-848 stimulation, neonatal MLN cells produced not only more IL-12, but also possibly more IL-23, than did adult cells.
Strong IL-12 driven IFN-γ and TNF-α triggering in PC-SA-SSG versus PC-Chol-SSG treatment suggests that these cytokines might be involved in the observed upregulated NO secretion for providing impressive levels of protection.
The OVA-specific CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cells that had been primed with anti-DEC:OVA+anti-CD40 allowed for strong IL-2 and TNF-α production upon secondary challenge.
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