Sentence examples for strong bottlenecks from inspiring English sources

However, due to the strong bottlenecks imposed by the repeated serial passages, these less fit mutants never survived long enough to produce consecutive, fitter mutants.

The demographic inferences summarized in Table 1 suggest strong bottlenecks with little subsequent recovery of size in the non-German populations.

Instead, we conclude that convenience polyandry is a main factor explaining the extreme level of polyandry in L. saxatilis, but that positive genetic effects during situations of strong bottlenecks, nutritional benefits and postcopulatory sexual selection may add to pay for the increased costs of excessive matings.

Our power analyses indicate that young and strong bottlenecks are easiest to identify.

Each line was founded by a single genotype and populations underwent frequent, strong bottlenecks during their evolutionary trajectories.

The effective population sizes of this endosymbiotic bacterium are subjected to strong bottlenecks during the transmission between generations.

There were stages, which represented a strong bottleneck but were little discordant with seed rain.

The chemotroph Poisson distribution (and Ks ~0.18 peak) represents the average evolutionary distance across sampled chemotroph communities and points to a strong bottleneck that, in effect, "reset the clock" on the evolutionary divergence between chemotrophs in Yellowstone hydrothermal communities.

For instance, where ancient humans selected an individual plant or a group of plants with favorable agronomic traits (due to one or more mutations) and started to cultivate their progeny as crops, such selection may have an equivalent effect to natural selection with a strong bottleneck effect under growing conditions that differ from those of the wild ancestors [5, 11, 12, 15].

Thus, the strong bottleneck in parasite numbers makes ookinetes, an ideal target for interference with transmission.

This star pattern is a typical (spurious) signal of for instance population expansion, possibly after a strong bottleneck.