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Let there be p examiners, each of whom has a stringency, E l (l = 1,p), with a high stringency meaning that a candidate is less likely to receive a higher mark from that examiner than they are from a less stringent examiner.
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The reader is also reminded that high scores correspond to high scoring candidates, stringent examiners, difficult stations, and high marks awarded.
Although the raw and adjusted marks are very similar, they are not always exactly so, some candidates performing better on the adjusted mark, which takes into account the differences in examiner stringency (and these candidates are the ones who saw more stringent examiners).
We will also try and assess what demographic factors characterise stringent or lenient examiners, and whether examiners vary in their stringency in different tests of the examination, or with particular types of candidate.
An important question concerns the factors which differentiate between stringent and lenient examiners.
A potential problem of clinical examinations is known as the hawk-dove problem, some examiners being more stringent and requiring a higher performance than other examiners who are more lenient.
If one examiner is more stringent than the other then they will systematically tend to give a lower mark.
This finding may be attributed to the lengthy and stringent training and calibration exercises that the examiners had undergone.
Stringency showed a significant correlation with the number of candidates who had been examined (r =.082, n = 1259, p =.003), which is shown in figure 6. Examiners who had examined more candidates tended to be somewhat more stringent (more hawkish).
Rationing must be stringent.
The examiner sighed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com