Stringent anti-contamination precautions to control PCR contamination were undertaken in the laboratory environment.
The ABC is physically isolated, subject to stringent anti-contamination procedures, equipped with positive air pressure and UV lighting, and has a DNA laboratory and equipment (glove box, instruments, full body suits, protective masks, etc).
Five years ago, the government demanded more stringent safeguards against contamination because of a deadly form of the germ E. coli.
It should be emphasized that, in order to prevent false positive results stemming from contamination, stringent anti-contamination protocols were followed and appropriate negative controls were performed (see footnote to Table 2).
Although simple to implement, this approach suffers from several drawbacks, including the removal of adsorbed protein by stringent washing, high contamination (due to non-specific protein binding) and denaturation of proteins adsorbed onto hydrophobic surfaces [ 5].
Although surface water resources are used to meet the growing municipal demands due to over contamination, more stringent treatments would be required to make the surface water potable (Hall and Ellis 1985; Kankal et al. 2012).
A negative control (water instead of template DNA) with each PCR assay was included for stringent measures to control contamination.
In addition, extreme precautions were undertaken to avoid contamination, and stringent SOP (standard of procedures) were applied throughout the study.
While we accept that even after stringent preoperative skin disinfection, contamination of biopsy samples with skin microbiota cannot be fully excluded, the predominance of isolates from lineages not commonly recovered from skin in relative terms does provide tentative evidence in favour for a role in disc herniation.
