Monetary and fiscal stringency left real output lower in 1928 than in 1918.
Long known for championing fiscal stringency, the fund has recommended that Tanzania and Mozambique consider countercyclical fiscal expansions.
Whatever else they said or did not say, the French cried no to budget stringency of the sort the Maastricht plan demands.
Centre-left politicians fret over what the new stringency might do to areas such as Naples, where huge swathes of the economy are black.
While bankrupts blame the prime minister for the austere economic climate, the markets worry that he is not austere enough, and is prepared to sacrifice financial stringency for political expediency.
The stringency of many CSAs may be at fault.
Further attempts at fiscal stringency may hack away at other support programmes, including food stamps and Medicaid, a health-care entitlement for the poor.
The new president, Néstor Kirchner, bluntly told Mr Köhler that his priority was economic growth, not fiscal stringency, and that Argentina would not sign any deal it could not fulfil.
The real problem, however, is that the government's desire to portray itself as protector of the poor is getting in the way of the job it urgently needs to do managing the public finances properly.The big issue is how and how fast to replace fiscal stimulus with stringency.
More stringency is desirable; and the tax base is still too narrow, pushing up marginal tax rates and blunting incentives to work and save.In this section COMMODITY PRICE INDEX OUTPUT, DEMAND AND JOBS PRICES AND WAGES DENMARK Reprints.
Mr Kono looks at several proxies for consumer sensitivities, including the stringency of a country's environmental regulations, the purity of its water and the number of quality-marks its companies receive from the International Organisation for Standardisation.
