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This is particularly true for raft-preferring lipids ("raft lipids", e.g. sphingolipids and sterols), whose domain preference is a strict function of their molecular architecture, and is thus susceptible to disruption by fluorescence labeling.
In other words, the user makes the species' distribution a strict function of the variables that are put into the model (e.g., climate, land cover, soil type).
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A non-strict function is a function that may yield a value even if not all of its arguments are defined.
In addition to partial functions, positive free logics can also readily handle non-strict functions.
Free logics involving non-strict functions find application in some programming languages (Gumb 2001, Gumb and Lambert 1991).
Logics for non-strict functions must be positive because in a negative or neutral logic empty-termed atomic formulas, such as f 1, 1/0) = 1, cannot be true.
This section considers applications of free logic in theories of definite descriptions, languages that allow partial or non-strict functions, logics with Kripke semantics, logics of fiction and logics that are in a certain sense "Meinongian".
Section 5 samples applications to theories of description, logics of partial or non-strict functions, logics with Kripke semantics, logics of fiction and logics that are in a certain sense Meinongian.
We use a strict Lyapunov function analysis to design new state and output feedback tracking controllers that render the error dynamics globally exponentially stable.
The convergence proof relies on the construction of a strict Lyapunov function for the Kraus map induced by this reservoir setting on the spring subsystem.
It is called a strict Liapunov function for F if it is a Liapunov function for F and L ( f ( x ) ) < L ( x ) whenever x ∉ R F. A chain component of an invertible IFS F is an equivalence class of the following equivalence relation on R F. Points x and y are equivalent if and only if, for each ε > 0, there is an ε -chain for F and an ε -chain for F − 1, each of which contains both x and y.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com