Because traditional phylogenetic methods used in biogeographic reconstruction are based on trees rather than networks, they follow the strict assumption in which dispersal among geographical units have occurred on the basis of single dispersal routes across regions and are, therefore, incapable of modelling multiple alternative dispersal scenarios.
For example, the primitively segmented spiders, family Liphistiidae and the mygalomorph trapdoor spiders, likely do not balloon and have highly sedentary lifestyle imposing strict limits on their dispersal potential.
For instance, cactophilic flies species from the Sonoran desert exhibit various dispersal strategies due their strict host specialization and the different spatial distribution of their host species [66].
Karstic areas, and more generally the deep soil fissures, may act as a buffer zone protecting subterranean animals from rapid and strong fluctuations of hygrometry, allowing the persistence of strict hygrophilous species with very reduced dispersal power outside this environment in the present day climate conditions.
The safety aspects include strict self-pollination; lack of outcrossing; no dispersal of seeds by wind and, therefore, very low number of volunteers; lack of toxic substances in seeds.
Thus, we believe strict quarantine measures should be taken to avoid its dispersal.
In contrast, Damaraland mole-rats exhibit strict incest avoidance [39] and have a higher likelihood of dispersal.
Paul's moral standards coincided with the strictest view of Jewish communities in the Greek-speaking Diaspora (the dispersal of the Jews from their traditional homeland).
Thus, taxa with mixed breeding systems coupled with high dispersal should possess a weak capacity for rapid ecological radiation compared to strict asexuals and sexuals [ 11, 23- 26].
Populations that exhibit strict niche conservatism over time may experience limited potential for range expansion and reduced dispersal opportunities since optimal habitat tracking may not be possible due to their divergent neighboring niches [ 46, 47].
