Examination of the co-phylogenetic structure of Myzostomida and their hosts does not support strict topological congruence.
Using this strict criterion, complete congruence (i.e. same topology) between SN1 and vascular plant trees was observed, suggesting that plant SN1 was acquired by vertical transfer [ 41].
Strict ant-symbiont phylogenetic congruence is, however, disrupted by symbiont switches (horizontal transmission) between fungus-growing ant colonies, species, and even genera [7], [48] [53].
This underscores the problem of using congruence with a strict molecular clock as the sole means of assessing the validity of dates of isolation.
All higher-level (family or orders) and most within-family and within-genera relationships were retained in the strict consensus tree, signifying topological congruence in these clades in both [ 81] and our supertree.
Hence the interactions between figs of section Galoglychia and their pollinating wasps present us with a series of instances of lack of strict specificity, and lack of congruence between fine wasp and Ficus taxonomy and phylogeny [ 18, 34].
Although, as predicted by this transmission mode, fungal symbiont lineages have evolved in parallel with lineages of their ant hosts on the broad phylogenetic scale [e.g., 41], symbiont switching disrupts the expected pattern of strict lower-level phylogenetic ant-fungus congruence [36], [42], [48] [49].
As described above, the term "congruence" and "incongruence" can have a more or less strict meaning with regards to the level of similarity.
While there was large congruence between these mtDNA and microsatellite datasets, it was not strict.
Congruence between multiple most-parsimonious cladograms (MPCs) was assessed with a strict consensus [77].
