Mobile crowdsensing initiatives that have strict area coverage requirements can also pose significant challenges when the adopted incentive must be designed in such a way as to steer participants contribution towards meeting the specific requirements [31].
This article reviews current conservation approaches based on a framework depicting the evolution of conservation approaches from strict protected areas through to areas where management focuses exclusively on maximizing extractive and productive uses.
No permits were required since the study area did not contain any strict protected areas and due to the observational nature of the data collection.
More broadly, our findings suggest that although strict protected areas are effective tools for biodiversity conservation, a singular focus on them risks ignoring other resource governance approaches that can fruitfully complement existing conservation regimes.
Strict protected areas are a critical component in global biodiversity conservation, but the future of biodiversity conservation may well depend upon the ability to experiment successfully with a range of institutional forms, including those that permit human use.
4) Create a system of strict protected areas and no-go zones (i.e., off-limits to oil exploration and exploitation) in the northern Peruvian Amazon.
We had to deal with the absence of strict catchment areas of both ED and GPs on call.
Therefore, the conservation of countryside biodiversity should not only be about restricting agricultural land use in strict protected areas, which has been the focus of 'systematic conservation planning' (Margules & Pressey, 2000), but it should also be about buffering and connecting these protected areas with a habitable and permeable matrix (Perfecto & Vandermeer, 2010).
To the east, there is not a single strict protected area in all of northern Peru, although two areas are "reserved" but not designated for national protection (Güeppi and Pucacuro Reserved Zones) (Figure 4B), and several areas are proposed for regional-level conservation.
It is currently the only strict protected area (considered here as IUCN levels I IV) in the region capable of protecting the biodiversity of the Napo Moist Forests (Figure 4A).
