Geometric nonlinearity of von-Karman type is considered which accounts for the membrane stretching action of the beam.
For example, in the stretch receptors of neurons attached to muscle cells, the stretching action of the muscle is thought to put a mechanical stress on protein filaments of the cytoskeleton, which in turn alter the shape of ion channels, inducing them to open and allowing cations to diffuse into the cell.
The frozen-flux theory (Roberts and Scott 1965) assumes that the majority of SV on short timescales and large length scales is produced by the advection and stretching action due to the velocity field rather than diffusion of the magnetic field.
As dwarf galaxies are digested by spirals, they form tendril-like structures and so-called stellar streams - long filaments of stars produced by the stretching action of tidal forces.
Therefore, our observed trajectory likely elucidates the encapsulation mechanism and indicates potentially where substrate protein can undergo an ATP-directed stretching action that would release it from misfolded states, as well as when it is ejected from the apical domains, followed by collapse and folding in the 70 Å long hydrophilic chamber.
Prostaglandin subtypes (E and F), released by the membranes in response to stretch and actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, act not only upon the myometrium and cervix, but may also exert paracrine/autocrine effects on cell viability and matrix protein integrity [ 41].
An analytical model based on classical beam theory is proposed to identify the effect of stretching and bending actions on the stiffness of a single cell by applying the periodic boundary conditions.
In that case, any eventual findings on liability would perhaps then be followed by criminal proceedings and by further civil actions stretching far into the future with, a long way down the road, an official inquiry.
Each episode could focus on a new monstrous threat, with the action stretching from the California coast to the New England seaboard and beyond.
This stretching and folding action can clearly lead to the formation of Smale horseshoes, which are well known to lead to a type of chaotic behaviour.
