MAP kinases, being the important class of protein kinases involved in signal transduction are operative during biotic or abiotic stresses; its involvement in the elicitor mediated signal transduction leading to higher accumulation of alkaloids cannot be overruled.
Although some evidences suggest a role of ZmLOX10 in the responses to (a biotic stresses, its involvement in the diurnal lipid metabolism was also proposed [ 75, 76].
The NDH (NADH dehydrogenase-like) complex of Viridiplantae plastids participates in adapting the photosynthetic response to environmental stress, suggesting its involvement in the transition to terrestrial habitats.
The expression level of a homologous M. crystallinum gene increased in response to salt stress, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of cellular osmotic potential [ 117].
For example, chemical-induced oxidant stress and its involvement in cell death is an area where significant differences exist between in vitro and in vivo data, leading to substantial controversies in the literature regarding mechanisms of cell injury and mode of cell death (Jaeschke et al. 2012a).
ABA is perhaps the most well characterized phytohormone in terms of integrating various stress signals and modulating downstream stress responses, although its involvement in cold responses is still debated [ 44].
He stressed his involvement in the bid to lure the Commonwealth Games to Sheffield, discussed his golf handicap (22), and insisted that, in sport: "I've got a fair amount of experience".
These results are in agreement with previously published data since several lines of evidence have indicated that an over-expression of DNA-PKcs alone may provide important protection from genotoxic stress related to its involvement in DNA repair.
Among genes preferentially expressed in SH2 (Additional File 8; Figure 6A) CaContig13838 has similarity to Arabidopsis catalase 2, which is activated by drought stresses [ 83], supporting its involvement in the dehydration response in C. arabica.
The presence of four unique cis-acting elements (Table 2) and of a cluster of three ABRE motifs [ 70] in the promoter region of VvHT5 gene is in agreement with the regulation of its expression by ABA and biotic stress but also suggests its involvement in abiotic stress responses.
