Abiotic stresses include cold, salt, alkali, drought, and both flash and prolonged floods.
The stresses include σr, σθ, σy, σeqv, σcont which are the radial, tangential, axial, equivalent and contact stresses, respectively.
Temperature stresses include cold, freezing and heat.
Biotic stresses include fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and insects.
Other stresses include noise and extremes of heat and cold.
These stresses include repeated cell division, expression of activated oncogenes, oxidative stress, and irradiation.
These stresses include dysfunctional telomeres resulting from repeated cell division (replicative senescence) or other telomeric damage.
Such stresses include replication fork damage by thymidine block and genomic instability by spindle poisoning.
Plant responses to stress include the synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids.
Psychological stresses, including restraint and excessive handling, make matters worse.
Increased stresses included a fear of the wild: unproductive wild lands; wild animals; and vermin.
