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In rodents, a significant reduction in sociability is seen in prenatally stressed offspring of genetically stress-susceptible dams.
Hippocampal Bcl-2 expression is also affected, namely decreased, in juvenile prenatally stressed offspring rats, exhibiting depressive-like behavior (Guan et al. 2013).
Prenatally stressed offspring exhibit increased susceptibility to inflammatory disorders due to in utero programming.
The majority of prenatal stress research indicates that physiological alterations in prenatally stressed offspring can be attributed to the action of maternal glucocorticoids [ 2, 38].
Now, Boersma et al. tested the hypothesis that alterations in Bdnf expression in prenatally stressed offspring are mediated by changes in DNA methylation in exons IV and VI of the Bdnf gene.
The authors also report that, in a murine model of stress-induced decrease in progesterone, supplements of a progesterone derivative abrogated the increase in allergic airway responsiveness observed in prenatally stressed offspring.
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Some of the behavioral and transcriptional alterations manifest in second generation male mice (F2) bred from the prenatally stressed male offspring, indicating a hereditary epigenetic mechanism of transgenerational transmission [ 32].
Alterations in dendritic measures and spine density were observed in each brain area examined in paternal stress offspring.
If the differential expression induced by stress in the parents was transferred to the next generation, we expected a correlation between the DE of a gene in the parents and the DE of the same gene in the offspring; if a gene was upregulated by stress in the parents, the same gene should be upregulated in offspring of stressed chickens compared to offspring of non-stressed birds.
(D ) Graphical representation of the changes in DNA methylation (CNN) of the 175 PSI DMRs between the first generation after 52 days of Pi treatment [ 52d −Pi) − (52d +Pi)] and the offspring of stressed and non-stressed parents grown for 10 days in +Pi.
Offspring of stressed WL were also more competitive and grew faster than offspring of non-stressed parents.
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