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The effects can be mainly attributed to the low melting point and positive thermal expansion stress originating from the Ag cap layer and the high melting point and negative thermal expansion stress originating from the Ru cap layer.
Indirect references to stress originating from the volcano came through mention of coping mechanisms such as adaptation, avoidance, denial and religion.
The self-release of the GaN thin film is enabled by the built-in stress originating from the interaction of GaN and the SiO2 mask.
The stress originating from arable land was estimated by the factor "risk of runoff," which was derived from a runoff model (rainfall-induced surface runoff).
Once nucleated, voids can grow by local tensile stress, originating from residual stress in the film and/or the Kirkendall effect.
We find that the bulk mechanical stress originating from connectivity of the slow components of a mixture plays a crucial role in pattern evolution of viscoelastic phase separation.
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Sn-based oxide materials as an anode of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from the unavoidable mechanical stress originated from huge volume changes during lithiation/delithiation reactions.
On the contrary, some stress originates from excessive or undesirable constraints that can produce obstacles to personal growth and accomplishment; these are defined as hindrance stress (Cavanaugh et al., 2000).
By assuming that the intrinsic stress originates from the volume change of the nanograins, and taking into account relaxation processes, the generated intrinsic residual stress in the films is evaluated.
The result reveals that the threshold voltage shift after both hot-carrier and gate-bias stress originates from the charge-trapping effect at the interface of gate insulator and active layer, with the extra trap states generated during stress responsible for C-V curve distortion.
To evaluate whether the biomarker could predict the robustness level towards one specific lethal stress originated from multiple mild stress pretreatments, the mild stress induced biomarker and robustness responses were combined and the correlation was tested for significance.
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