The development of "full plastic hinges" in the most stressed cross-sections is a common hypothesis considered in the elastic plastic design of steel structures.
These methods are usually based on some basic hypotheses, such as the creation of plastic hinges in the most stressed cross-sections, for instance.
(2) varepsilon_{dc0} = frac{{varepsilon_{d0} }}{nu sqrt 2 } (3) Fig. 8 Diagram of strains and stresses in cross section of corbel.
Furthermore, according to the relationship between true stress and true strain for the material, the normal stress on the cross section of each single bar was determined.
The width-to-thickness ratios, reduction factors accounting for the design stress or effective cross section area, material mechanical properties, initial geometric imperfections and longitudinal residual stresses are measured and discussed in detail.
Larger RR and smaller γ/γ∗ values reduce the critical stress of the cross section.
Considering a triangular distribution of compressive stress on the cross section (Fig. 1), the ( varepsilon_{0} ) can be determined as, varepsilon_{0} = frac{{f_{se } A_{ps } + N}}{{rb_{w} E_{c} }}quad quad {text{rectangular cross sections}} (4) varepsilon_{0} = frac{{f_{se } A_{ps } + N}}{{0.5 pi r^{2} E_{c} }}quad quad {text{circular cross sections}}.
To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined the correlations among the factors related to stress in a cross section of hospital staff professionals.
The effective stresses on the cross section are determined by simulation.
During drying, the additional restraint caused by the reinforcing screws resulted in a slight increase of the tensile stresses at the cross section border.
Usually, nanoindentation is used to study the mechanical properties of materials in nanometer scale, such as nano-hardness and phase transformation under stress [8, 22, 24]. Figure 13 shows the stress directions on the cross section in nanoindentation with a spherical indenter.
