Earlier work showed that all of our groES mutations alter residues in the mobile loop, resulting in either weakened or strengthened interactions with GroEL (Landry et al. 1993, 1996; Zeilstra-Ryalls et al. 1996; Richardson et al. 1999; Richardson 2000; Shewmaker et al. 2004).
Alternatively, CD151 may act through laminin-binding integrins, its main molecular partners in tetraspanin microdomains, by strengthening interactions of endometrial cells with laminin components of the basement membrane.
Lfng and Mfng preserve and possibly strengthen interactions between Notch1 and Dll1, in cis and in trans, and weaken interactions between Notch1 and Jag1, in cis and in trans, while Rfng preserves or enhances the cis interactions with both ligands.
The change in salt dependence for the D40A mutant is consistent with removal of an anionic residue increasing the net cationic character of the protein and thus strengthening electrostatic interactions with the anionic RNA substrate.
In examining the terminal deletion variants of HsmtSSB we found pIs of 9.0 (ΔC), 9.2 (ΔN) and 9.5 (ΔNΔC), suggesting that lack of either or both termini causes a significant increase in the overall positive charges of the protein that may strengthen its interactions with Hspol γ, stimulating DNA synthesis and allowing Hspol γ to displace it from the ssDNA.
The hydroxyl group is believed to add to the hydrogen-bonding capacity of the sphingolipids, helping to stabilize membrane structures and strengthen their interactions with membrane proteins.
Early childhood development is a comprehensive concept that includes a focus on eligible nutrition, education and early stimulation through play and learning opportunities, and strengthens positive interactions with caregivers and other family members, in order to encourage better development in the physical, cognitive, emotional and social aspects.
Conversely, mutation of an anionic residue that contributes to binding is expected to produce a greater salt dependence (Δ n < 0) because the net increase in positive charge strengthens the interactions with RNA and requires displacement of a greater number of ions from the RNA surface upon binding.
Replacing Lys22 with an amino acid containing a nonpolar side chain such as Met weakens the interaction of this residue with solvent, likely strengthening its interaction with the CXXCH loop.
