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The spin relaxation is thus governed by strengthening electron-electron scattering with increasing carrier density.
In this review, we firstly summarized the recent advances in synthetic biology strategies to enhance the EET efficiency of exoelectrogens, which included broadening feedstock spectrum, strengthening intracellular electron generation, optimizing conductive cytochromes systems, promoting biosynthesis and secretion of electron shuttles, and constructing conductive biofilms.
But we will not succeed without strengthening the "electron superhighway".
We found that strengthening the electron withdrawing ability around thiophene spacer by fluorination and cyano substitution, and replacement of thiophene spacer with fluorinated and cyano substituted benzodithiophene complexes results in improved opto-electronic properties of the sensitizers.
The hydroxyl group ability on donating proton which took place on zirconia surface is strengthened by the electron inductive of the S=O double bonds of sulfate group [19].
The almost planar conformations of the former appear to strengthen both π-electrons conjugation and electronic coupling between low-lying unoccupied molecular orbitals of the azo dyes and the conduction band of TiO2.
It was revealed that N-content of NRGOs (regardless of their bonding configurations) promotes ORR performance at lower potentials due to activation and strengthen of π-electrons of graphene framework while pyridinic-N content has significant role in ORR at higher potentials because of activation of their lone pair electrons.
From Table 1, the BNC structure with large distance of graphene flakes shown in Figure 2c exhibits the largest magnetic moment, and the moment is strengthened when the electrons around the graphene flakes are isolated by the BN regions.
When temperature further increases, electron-phonon scattering will then strengthen and become comparable to electron-electron scattering, eventually dominate the spin relaxation process; thus, spin relaxation time decreases with further rising temperatures.
Furthermore, advanced analyses such as scanning electron microscopy, electron probe X-ray microanalysis and electron spectroscopy for chemical anaysis indicate that mechanisms for strengthening the cladded layer include martensite phase transformation, precipitation and dispersion hardening.
This evidence strengthened the view that electrons existed as components of atoms.
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