These studies provided initial clues to reengineer focused regions of enzymes (e.g. substrate access tunnel and substrate binding pocket) and to strengthen interactions between amino acids (e.g. introducing disulfide bridges for improved organic cosolvent tolerance).
Structures that can strengthen interactions between researchers and decision makers can reduce barriers and increase the benefits of collaboration in research [ 10].
Lfng and Mfng preserve and possibly strengthen interactions between Notch1 and Dll1, in cis and in trans, and weaken interactions between Notch1 and Jag1, in cis and in trans, while Rfng preserves or enhances the cis interactions with both ligands.
Both recombinant viruses are engineered to encode the entire PSA gene with a modified agonist epitope (increases immunogenicity) and 3 costimulatory proteins: B7-1 (faciliTates T cell activation), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3; CD58), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) (both are cell adhesion molecules that strengthen interactions between APCs and T cells).
The incorporation of carbon spheres in g-C3N4 leads to enlarged contact area and strengthened interaction between the two π-conjugated components.
Nitrogen adsorption, XRD and H2-TPR analysis indicated that La2O3-modified SiO2 had higher surface area, strengthened interaction between Ni and support, and improved dispersion of Ni.
It was shown that the nickel citrate precursor strengthened interaction between NiO and support to form nickel silicate like species which could be reduced to produce small crystallites of metallic nickel at high temperatures.
P38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) can activate Smad 3 [ 32, 33] and p38 MAPK also strengthens interaction between Smad3 and coactivators [ 34].
By strengthening interactions between distant spins, one approaches the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model [26] in which interactions are spatially independent, that is, J ( i, j ) = J.
In the newborn, sensory modalities and cortical pathways are not as differentiated as are those of mature brains but appear to emerge through a series of strengthening interactions between the active body and the environment (Quartz and Sejnowski 1997).
