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The authors took no fewer than 55 indicators (from "internet bandwidth per capita" and "average mobile connection speed" to "strength of intellectual property protection" and "press freedom") and calculated a score for each of the 65 countries covered, which rises the higher the friction (see chart on this page. The full country ranking can be found here).The results themselves are not surprising.
The strength of intellectual property (IP) such as patents, trade secrets, and copyrights is often illusory.
Laggards Germany, France and Italy will change not because of the strength of intellectual argument but because of the political cost of not reviving their decaying economies.
In this paper, we construct a new index measuring the strength of intellectual property (IP) protection for plant varieties in 69 countries over the period 1961 2011.
This paper provides an empirical investigation of the national determinants of outbound international patenting, particularly focusing on the roles of trade-related influences and the destination countries' strength of intellectual property protection.
In support of recent theory, we find that the strength of intellectual property rights and the availability of venture capital have negative and positive effects, respectively, on the likelihood that employees become entrepreneurs.
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In the end, said Karen Narasaki, executive director of the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, the civil rights groups "won less on the strength of our intellectual arguments, and more on our political strength.
She confesses to an especial yearning for the lost books of Protagoras, who "became the most important political thinker in the democracy, as befits a working man who rose to eminence on the strength of his intellectual prowess".
"By brain, wit, vigor of personality, strength of voice, intellectual charm and scorn, a lot of travel, and ceaseless letter-writing, Crick coordinated the research of many other biologists, disciplined their thinking, arbitrated their conflicts, communicated and explained their results," the historian Horace Freeland Judson wrote in "The Eighth Day of Creation".
Prospects were scored on a host of metrics, including the size of their addressable markets, the strength of their intellectual property, the experience of their management teams and their record in hitting development benchmarks promised to equity investors.
"The strength of our intellectual property is reinforced by IPSG and Micro Electronics' recognition of the validity of our patents and admission of infringement," said Senior Vice President Scot Griffin Scot Griffin.
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