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It has been also confirmed that the proposed diagram would be very useful to predict the fretting fatigue strength regardless of contact geometry, loading condition, material strength, environment, etc. for laboratory-type specimens.
In low ionic strength environment, the adhesion is influenced mostly by electrostatic interactions between surfaces, where the surface chemistry, surface functional groups, and surface charge play the important role; while in increasing ionic strength (increasing concentration of surroundings), the importance of non-polar (hydrophobic) interactions grows [23].
In these experiments, charged surface residues of CaB, which do not serve as direct ligands of the Ca2+, were neutralized and the overall rate constant for Ca2+ binding (kon = koff * Keq) was shown to reduce significantly in a low ionic strength environment [5].
Effects of THR-SK010 alone and the combinations on staphylococcal cell membrane functions were additionally observed in high ionic strength environment.
These mechanisms mean that, from the point of view of cells bathed by blood, they never left the sea, as they are still surrounded by a high ionic strength environment.
Due to the strong interactions between the bisphosphonate group of 2 and MnFe2O4@HA and Fe3O4@HA NPs, both NPs exhibit long-term colloidal stability in aqueous solution, even in high ionic strength environment such as PBS.
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Edwards et al.[29] established that archaea are abundant, especially in low-pH, high-ionic strength environments.
Compatible solutes play important roles in adaptation to the osmotic stress induced by the high-ionic strength environments like those found in metal-rich, acidic environments.
This observation correlates with the fact that P. redivivus has been isolated from high osmotic strength environments and hence could be adapted to high osmolarity [ 33, 44].
The proposed numerical procedure is valuable for making composite cements as it pertains to compressive strength and environment regulations.
Polymer-derived carbon ceramics are highly desirable for lightweight, high strength, extreme environment material architectures, but their mechanical performance as a function of structure and processing is not currently understood and cannot be predicted.
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