Therefore, the influence of determining variables such as concrete compressive strength, cross-section geometry and building process have been studied based on this defined model.
After identifying the cross-sections of RC columns with the minimum CO2 emissions or costs while satisfying the structural design conditions via a parametric study, the influence of the design factors (i.e., concrete strength, steel reinforcement strength, cross-section size, and amount of steel reinforcement) on the CO2 emissions and costs of RC columns are investigated.
Finally, beam-column buckling strengths were plotted in an O.I.C.-type format, and complemented with an extensive experimental data collected from the literature that comprised various load cases, fabrication processes, yield strengths, cross-sections shapes, and elements' lengths.
Its degradation property is analyzed by the loss of tensile strength and cross section morphology through SEM with time.
In this section, the design moment strength of cross sections calculated by the PSDM specified in KSSC KCI, AISC 360-10 (or KBC 2014), Eurocode 4, and JSCE 2009 were compared.
The stability failure of HSS steel structures is very important in the design, because due to the higher yield strength smaller cross sections can be used, which might be more sensitive for stability failure.
The exact consideration of the global buckling behaviour of HSS steel structures is very important in the design because due to the higher yield strength smaller cross sections can be used, which might be more sensitive to stability failure.
Unfactored pure axial load strength of column cross section.
Bending, tensile strength tests, and cross section analysis were conducted on the composite samples.
It is proposed that the moment strength of the cross section of CTRC columns can be calculated using a modified ACI code method.
The design moment strength of the cross section is determined as M d = M pl and βM pl for positive and negative bending, respectively.
