We combine high-resolution stream water sampling with air, suspended solid and stream flow monitoring to investigate the source to stream transport of PAHs during rainfall and snowmelt in paired watersheds with contrasting land use.
The driest period of the year is usually the first weeks of autumn, but many streams monitored by the United States Geological Survey are already almost too low to measure.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Implication of stream flow monitoring for policy and financial management.
The stream monitoring found patterns of salt delivery to streams were consistent during four monitored stream events.
Estimates of PS and DS inputs can be easily achieved through Bayesian calibration of the five model parameters from commonly available stream monitoring data.
The strength of SPARROW models is that they describe the primary environmental processes that affect the supply and transport of contaminant mass in watersheds, based on the use of stream monitoring and geospatial data to statistically estimate model parameters.
In conjunction with kriging, the spatial regression method not only makes better stream NO3NO2-N concentration predictions than the OLS method, but also gives estimates of the uncertainty of the predictions, which provides useful information for optimizing the design of stream monitoring network.
Using a comprehensive statewide stream monitoring database from West Virginia (WV), a detailed landscape dataset, and a machine learning algorithm, this study explores the interactive impacts of water quality and physical habitat on stream ecosystem health as indicated by benthic macroinvertebrate scores.
Data from USGS water quality monitoring networks from the 1960s to the 1990s indicated that 40% of 652 stream monitoring stations in the contiguous USA were at or above the equilibrium saturation state for calcite, and 77% of all stations exhibited apparent increases in saturation state from the 1960/70s to the 1980/90s.
The detailed process understanding that was derived from isotopic and hydrometric measurements at a wetland and a forest site, in combination with the stream monitoring, enabled the development of a conceptual framework that could explain the variability in hydrological pathways over a range of catchment scales.
