Impatiens species occur in diverse habitats, from sea level to 4000 m in elevation, in forest understories, roadside ditches, valleys, abandoned fields, along streams and in seepage, usually in mesic or wet conditions, although some species can tolerate drier habitats (Yu et al. 2015).
Hybrid automated and manual calibration of the models is achieved using extensive observations of groundwater hydraulic head, groundwater return flow to streams, aquifer stratigraphy, canal seepage, total evapotranspiration, the portion of evapotranspiration supplied by upflux from the shallow water table, and irrigation flows.
At the point-scale (less than a few metres), groundwater discharge to the stream was measured using seepage meters.
These pools contained water chemistry gradients similar to those found in pristine bogs, which occurred at sites were groundwater seepage and stream water came in contact.
Losses of stream water to floodplains, seepage and extractions in lower portions of catchments leads to significant reductions in E/I with distance downstream.
It is not possible to tell how much of the water in the stream has come from seepage flow and how much from storm flow, and so the total flow cannot be correlated with rainfall records; the only way to predict water yield is from past records of flow.
Recharge to the aquifer is primarily from agricultural irrigation and seepage from streams and rivers entering the valley near the mountains.
Recharge to the aquifer is primarily from agricultural irrigation, seepage from streams and rivers entering the valley near the mountain fronts and, to a lesser extent, from precipitation.
Our discovery within Macowania of two principal clades, one restricted to more-or-less uniform high-elevation rocky habitats (clade A) and the other occupying a broader array of ecological situations (clade B, occurring on rocky slopes, along streams and in seepages), indicates a potential role for both non-ecological and ecological speciation processes.
