The presence of tram stops, number of pedestrian streams, road environment, proportion of commercial vehicles, average lane width, and degree of curvature increase the risk of KSI crashes, but the effect of traffic volume is negligible.
They were costly to produce, as contour layers had to be cut and assembled, filled with plaster and painted, after which streams, roads, etc., had to be drawn on the surface.
Land pattern was characterized by total length of line elements (streams, roads, borders, ecotones) and certain areal coverage (forest, mires, fields, built-up areas) within the cell.
From this point west, Wildwood Trail runs through forest generally uninterrupted by buildings but crisscrossed by shorter trails, small streams, roads, and firelanes.
However, because of the episodic nature of road-salt runoff, the full range of in-stream road-salt influence is difficult to characterize without use of continuous- and event-based monitoring focusing on deicing periods.
Based on the spatial pattern of infestation in the past, the area was divided into convenient observation units of approximately 50 ha, based on natural boundaries of streams, roads and footpaths.
Landsat images from 2009/2010 and 2013 were used to drive baseline data including land cover, land use, stream and road.
A collaborative landscape management plan was completed in 2007 and included creation of management objectives, assessment of current forest, stream, and road network conditions, modeling of alternative restoration treatments, and a restoration framework.
But with nearly a quarter of the $150 million the state collects in gas taxes annually already diverted for purposes other than transportation, supporters of the toll plan say it is one of the few ways to establish a dedicated revenue stream for roads and bridges.
With mock-stone cottages, tumble-down mills, churches, bridges and viaducts, as well as landscape sold on canvas rolls, painted with fields, streams and roads, Hornby conceived an entire world in miniature.
