Exact(6)
Stream noise had less energy than frog calls across the entire human audible frequency range.
Signal detection and discrimination in M. saxicola could therefore be constrained by both conspecific chorus noise and ambient stream noise.
The call frequency showed clear differences to the low-frequency dominated stream noise (LMM: pairwise comparison, ß = 4168; SE = 22; t = 188.087, P < 0.001).
We additionally recorded ambient stream noise without male calls (simply termed as "abiotic noise" despite occasional comprising insect signals) before and after frog choruses from the same recording position as calls.
Contrary to species of the Bornean Splash Frogs (Staurois) who inhabit low-frequency dominated, torrential streams and waterfalls (Boeckle et al. 2009; Grafe et al. 2012), continuous stream noise alone was unlikely to constrain acoustic signal detection in M. saxicola.
Given the acoustically complex environment in which the frogs occur and their signaling behavior, we investigated whether stream noise and/or chorus noise constrains the acoustic signal component in male male agonistic behaviors (signal efficacy approach, Hebets and Papaj 2005).
Similar(54)
Moreover, a new formula is established to convert measured free-stream noise level to FSTI (free-stream turbulence intensity) that is more adopted by engineering transition approaches.
When it is applied to complex systems like turbines, gearboxes, conventional IAS itself still has some flaws and insufficiencies such as longer data stream, quantization noise and structural noise.
The path — with a wonderful bare minimum of lighting — runs beside a large and rushing stream, the noise of the waters a particular thrill in the later evening.
The whispering, scratching, plinking, and sighing of her "run-on sentence of the pavement," for piano, Ping-Pong balls, and electronics, has an oddly sad, entrancing effect, especially when the stream of noise coalesces into slivers of song.
The hush of Catholicism was most of what I knew about religion — my dad had a talent for sneaking gospel sounds into hymnody, but the Mass had a staid, stubborn rhythm of its own — and the biggest shock of my first few months immersed in charismatic religion was the wild, unceasing stream of noise.
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