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A large population of eigenrays (warm colors) is repeated in concentric bands, with a spacing of approximately 220 km, and resulted from multiple reflections of the dominant stratospheric phase(s) onto the ground.
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The stratospheric SAO phase leads the mesospheric by a small interval (approximately 1 month) except for 2001 and 2003 winters when both exhibit very similar phases.
The role of a specific atmospheric condition (low air pressure) over South Pole in the stratospheric gas-phase photochemistry has been investigated based on analysis and photochemical numerical modeling.
The tropospheric and stratospheric gas-phase chemistry and aerosol modules are fully integrated so that these components interact with each other and with the physics of the climate model.
So, it is possible to obtain some simplified solutions from gas-phase stratospheric photochemical system if annual cycle in pressure is taken into account.
An important finding of this study is an apparent break in trends around 1996, which coincides with the beginning of the recovery phase of stratospheric ozone.
Refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that harm the stratospheric ozone layer are being phased out under the 1989 Montreal Protocol; however, most ozone-friendlier substitutes are, like CFCs, powerful greenhouse gases.
Composite analysis of the winter stratospheric circulation with respect to the phase of the equatorial QBO is made by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data over 40 years (1958 1997).
The thermal design of stratospheric balloon payloads usually focuses on the cruise phase of the missions, that is, the floating altitude conditions.
The rocket measured an in situ stratospheric and mesospheric ozone density profile over Korea during its ascending phase using the radiometer and transmitted the data to ground station in real time.
In recent decades, there was a positive trend in the SAM index, that is a shift toward its positive phase [ Marshall, 2003], driven by the loss of stratospheric ozone ("ozone hole") and the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations [ Thompson et al., 2011].
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