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Performance measures for the comparison includes die fill, flash size, strain variance, frictional power and die load.
Each level is treated as a separate optimization problem until the required objective – minimum strain variance and complete die fill – is achieved.
Analysis of the predicted tryptic peptide sequence for the α1(I) A3 site revealed either an error in the chicken genomic database or a chicken strain variance, with an Ala to Ser substitution at residue 723, which gave a misleading +16 mass, the site of which was clarified using MS/MS.
Strain variance exists in most of the BoNT subtypes, and BoNT/B2 is not an exception.
The paper also looks at QTL for within strain variance, analogous to our d-eQTL and referred to as 'environmental robustness QTL' (ER-QTL), and describe them as induced by gene environment interactions.
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Residuals from the model described above (Trait 10701) were simple interval mapped using a modified Haley-Knott algorithm [ 36, 37], weighted by the within strain variances.
One half of the variance of means between the BXD lines estimates additive genetic variance (VA) while, the mean within-strain variance estimates mean environmental variance (VE).
It is defined as:
To ensure that the low levels of within-strain variance are not simply due to a common litter effects, we chose that same strain mice coming from different litters.
Because individuals within any inbred strain are essentially genetically identical, the increased within-strain variances in AA strains reflect decreased ER (stochastic differences between individual cells may also contribute to the within-strain variance when the phenotype in question is at the single-cell level).
In two sets of genes, where expression levels were predicted to be more variable in either A/J or B6, we observed confirmation rates of 61% (34/56 genes) and 63% (17/27 genes) respectively (see Materials and Methods), and the two distributions of within-strain variance ratios were significantly different from one another (t-test p = 0.003).
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