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If indeed HIV infection results in increased susceptibility to multiple strain infection, this vulnerability may apply at all CD4 counts, just as HIV-infected patients are more susceptible to TB disease at any CD4 count [ 21].
Amoebae containing mono-colonized CVs showed the same phenotype as we had observed in the single strain infection experiments (Supplementary Fig. 4 compared to Figs. 2 and 3).
We found that T. cruzi (Brazil strain) infection of mice results in pancreatic inflammation and parasitism within pancreatic β-cells with apparent sparing of α cells and leads to the disruption of pancreatic islet architecture, β-cell dysfunction, and surprisingly, hypoglycemia.
However, the distinction between the three scenarios, reactivation, new strain infection, and de novo primary infection, is difficult in practice, unless the patient is followed for a long time or the infecting source CMV genetic strains have been characterized.
Similarly to the ΔSPI-2 strain, infection with any of these three mutants failed to impact on PB integrity (Figure 3D and Figure S3).
On the viral titer curves for human-derived strain infection, these two time points correspond approximately to places where the viral titer curve crosses 104 TCID50/mL (see Figure 1(a)).
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Our results show that the overall disease progression of pool-infected mice was not different from established single-strain infection models (Jacobsen et al., 2010a).
Chronic malaria weakens the immune system and should not be compared with a short, deliberate vivax-strain infection, it said.
Taken together, the results from the multi-strain infection were in good agreement with those of the previously reported single-strain infections.
These data are in agreement with the multi-strain infection and indicate that inactivation of icl1 and icl2 severely attenuated Mtb during both the acute and chronic phase of infection.
Without doxy, the relative abundance of rv3671c-TetON hadecreaseded to less than 0.001% of that of H37Rv at the end of the multi-strain infection (Figure 8.D).
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