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Several insertion elements were also observed juxtaposed to the flanking regions of the LCBs (Table 3) that might promote further chromosomal rearrangements during strain divergence.
M66-2 aN16961961 share the downstream block D, also potentially added cassette by cassette at attI prior to strain divergence (Figure 5).
The genes involved with host interaction might drive niche adaptation and spearhead strain divergence [35] and thus may reveal niche specificity first.
Although strain divergence upon transmission of BSE/vCJD agent to mice was reported to occur in earlier studies [16], [24], it was unprecedented within a context of homotypic transmission, i.e. full matching between the donor and receiver PrP sequences.
As main findings, we demonstrate that prion strain divergence can occur upon transmission of human, primary vCJD to such mice, and that peripheral challenge leads to an asymptomatic, life-long infection of the lymphoid compartment.
Within-herd strain divergence was also detected by MLVA.
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Significant inter-strain divergence was recorded in regards to the capacity of studied F. oxysporum strains to produce alcohol from untreated straw.
A simple solid-state culture technique was optimised for bioethanol yield and was used to assess inter-strain divergence in bioethanol and to determine if this trait correlated with either fungal: growth, enzyme activities or the formation of acetic acid and xylitol.
The term of the model reflecting inter-strain divergence across the entire gene was strain:mark, and epidiv was defined as the F statistics associated with this term (Fig. 4).
We discovered 20,522,880 single-nucleotide variations within the four strains with divergence from the reference strain at 1.3 1.37% depending on the strain (Table 1), confirming the highly polymorphic nature of medaka consistent with the broad geographical spread of its natural habitat (Setiamarga et al. 2009).
Despite this inter-serotype variability, the P1-P2 sequence of 5'NCR was significantly more conserved between clinical isolates and the corresponding reference prototype strain (mean divergence 3.5%) compared to the NIm-1A coding sequences of VP1 (mean divergence 9.6%, Table 1).
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