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In Fig. 5, the principal strain directions are similar to the stress directions in the B U area.
Based on the smeared rotating crack approach, the directions of orthotropy are assumed to coincide with the principal strain directions.
The main essence of the approach developed is simultaneous measurements of through hole distortions in two principal strain directions on opposite sides of thin plane specimen.
When the SRO film is grown with different strain directions, there are three categories that we might consider as key parameters: (1) Ru-O distance, (2) Ru-O-Ru buckling angle, (3) Ru nn-distance.
Out-of-axes shear moduli are difficult parameters to calibrate; common tests, with fixed principal stress and strain directions, do not provide any information on these moduli, as long as they remain homogeneous.
The maximum (most tensile or least compressive) principal elastic strain directions for the unloaded 1 pass sample for the grain/subgrain interiors align well with the pressing direction, and are more random for the 2 and 8 pass samples.
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At small and moderate deformations, the microstructural evolution is dominated by zipping relaxations directed along the applied strain direction.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that bundle-like structures were formed in the strained gels; this structure comprised fibrin fibrils that were oriented parallel to the strain direction (Fig. 2c,d).
Unambiguous strain direction and crystallographic orientation dependence have been demonstrated.
e (Top) y-polarized and x-polarized dipole orientation with respect to strain direction.
The laser scanning paths were chosen perpendicular to the averaged principal minimum strain direction.
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