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The antiplane strain case is governed by a single hyper-singular integral equation with a cubic singularity, whereas the plane strain case by a singular integral equation.
Similarly, the variation of the sp3/sp2 ratio leads to kDP < kK in the ZZ strain case.
This chapter considers three types of two-dimensional problems: the plane stress case, plane strain case, and axisymmetric case.
In order to ensure a positive strain energy density for the 2D (plane strain) case, elastic parameters are restricted to begin{array}{*{20}l} E > 0 && -1>nu>1 && G_{mathrm{c}}>0 &&gamma_{1}>0 && gamma_{2}>0.
When strain increases, the work function increases monotonously in the whole elastic region for both AC and ZZ strains and does not saturate at large strains like in the biaxial strain case [27].
The interaction between pile and soil is simulated by a general Voigt model, one that has been demonstrated by earlier investigators to be capable of representing the plane strain case of soil adequately.
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British livers are feeling the strain: cases of cirrhosis are on the increase, just as they are declining elsewhere in Europe (see chart).
Even for small strain cases, the equations of linear elasticity need to be modified since the bulk moduli are much larger than the shear moduli.
In each of these countries, a training program on epidemiological concepts, field investigation methodology, and detection of H5N1 Asia strain cases was conducted.
Monkeypox virus occurs in western and central Africa, causes a disseminated infection in humans, can be transmitted among humans at a low rate, and is associated with a 1%10%% (depending on the virus strain) case-fatality rate.
Following confirmation of an outbreak strain, a case-case analysis [ 33] was undertaken comparing outbreak strain cases with all other isolates from the island population that had different genome sequences or had not been genome sequenced, from people without a history of foreign travel.
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