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The microcracks closure is added to affect the equivalent plastic strain at fracture in a large range of stress states.
Increasing the water content decreased the tensile stiffness and strength and increased the strain at fracture of the porcupine quills.
Furthermore, increased levels of circulating FSTL3 in young mice paralleled greater strain at fracture compared to the lower levels of FSTL3 in older mice.
A new expression for predicting strain at fracture has been proposed that provides a lower bound estimate of the test results derived in the current study.
Experiments revealed that OPF formulation and crosslinking time may be adjusted to influence the equilibrium swelling ratio, elastic modulus, strain at fracture, and mesh size of these hydrogels.
The model reinforces the experiments by highlighting that for ductile alloys the effective plastic strain at fracture cannot be based solely on stress triaxiality.
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The engineering strains at fracture were measured as 25% at 65% RH and 49% at 100% RH and these values are also comparable to other keratin-based mammalian materials.
In unmodified composites an increase in Young´s modulus was found with the addition of wood flour to PP, whereas tensile strength, strain at break and fracture toughness were observed to decrease as fibre content increased.
Stability determines the amount of strain at the fracture site, and fracture gap strain determines the type of healing that can occur at the fracture site.
The empirical criteria are either strain based at fracture locus or stress based defined in terms of stress formability index (Xue-min et al. 2009).
The reinforcement by the CFM resulted in a significant increase in the strain at break, indentation creep, fracture toughness and impact toughness but moderate increase in flexural strength and flexural modulus.
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