A transverse approach [ 5] is relatively straightforward but exposure of the talar dome may be insufficient because it is covered by the contours of the tibial plafond.
It is important to note that the interpretation of the estimated hazard ratios for potential confounders is not straightforward since the main exposure variable (exposure to the occupation) lies on the pathway between these potential confounders and the outcome variable (CVD in later life). 2 p value for interaction between birth weight and sex.
Although seemingly straightforward, documentation of exposure-response relationships can be difficult.
4 Geographic metrics are straightforward methods for classifying exposure as they increase the spatial resolution and reduce exposure misclassification compared to emission models or ground level measurements.
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A new show at the Fondazione Bisazza in Italy gathers together her architectural portraits, bringing tiny details to the fore with a straightforward composition and long exposure times.
This study is not a straightforward epidemiological assessment of exposure to all kinds of IPVAW.
Strömberg and Björk [ 17] have considered a similar setting and we now extend their work in two important ways: 1) we allow for a trichotomous exposure (with straightforward generalizations to multiple exposure categories) on the individual level; 2) we allow for collection of data on confounders, together with individual-level exposure data, in the second phase.
The concentrations of biomarkers issued from biochemical assays cannot always be used in a straightforward way as an exposure variable in epidemiological studies [ 19, 37] and may require additional modeling steps, just like for other exposure metrics.
However, this straightforward index of cumulative exposure makes strong assumptions on the equivalence of the roles of intensity and duration, an assumption that has been questioned for example in the context of smoking and lung cancer (Peto, 2012).
